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…For hundreds of years philosophers speculated about "the mind" and in around the 1880's the popular method of psychology dealt only with the conscious mind. The experiments carried out at this time were criticised for their lack of objectivity…

…of critical thinking is what separates us from the other animals on our planet. As stated by Kirby and Goodpaster (1999) "that many philosophers since Aristotle have defined humans as thinking animals" (p. 3). For critical thinking permits us to ask the many…

…From the Psychosocial and Social Identity Theory (SIT) perspectives there different approaches to what makes identity uniquely individual to humans and different from other animals. Each has contributed to our understanding of identity in different ways…

…, and publish results. scientific debate and theories suggest new hypotheses which lead to further research Experiments Are the best way to identify cause-and-effect relationships in psychology Critical Thinking is central to the scientific method, to psychology…

…Vigilance behavior in animals has been attributed to various scientific explanations. One of the most widely accepted functions of vigilance is to increase the ability to detect predators. This skill is better known as anti-predator vigilance. Anti…

…of these animals, and today it remains one of the most controversial subjects presented to man, (Horton, 1980). Australia was not the only country to experience extinctions of large animals, (Martin, 1984). At the end of the last glacial period nearly every…

…Water is a necessity to life on earth. All organisms contain it, some drink it, and others inhabit it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure, and they cannot survive if their water is affluent with toxic chemicals and/or harmful…

…of the most controversial subjects presented to man, (Horton, 1980). Australia was not the only country to experience extinctions of large animals, (Martin, 1984). At the end of the last glacial period nearly every continent experienced extinctions of large animals…

…. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Reznick and Endler they support the predictions of the life-history theory with guppies. Natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata), along the El Cedro and Aripo rivers, are found in simple communities and live in one of two…

…Dreisch in the late 1800's. His original goal was not to create identical animals, but to prove that genetic material is not lost during cell division. Dreich's experiments involved sea urchins, which he picked because they have large embryo cells, and grow…