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…and short- tempered. He wielded his power through his bureaucracy, which contained the most knowledgeable and skilled members of Russian high society. Like the Czar, the bureaucracy, or chinovniki, stood above the people and were always in danger of being…

…Russian police routinely torture or abuse as many as half of their suspects, often using electroshock and asphyxiation techniques, a new study says. A two-year investigation by Human Rights Watch, an independent New York-based group, found…

…Russian Formalism Russian Formalism is a movement of literary criticism and interpretation that emerged in Russia during the second decade of the twentieth century and remained active until about 1930. It concentrated on analyzing the internal structure…

…and insight to not only see, but also take advantage of the opportunities thrown up by Russian circumstance. In this sense, Lenin's role was immensely important.…

…Russian Art & Architecture From icons and onion domes to suprematism and the Stalin baroque, Russian art and architecture seems to many visitors to Russia to be a rather baffling array of exotic forms and alien sensibilities. Without any sense…

…. It was 1924 when Vladimir Lenin died and left Trotsky alone to lead the Russian people. Joseph Stalin, another high-powered man, knew of Trotsky’s loss and tried to take over as ruler of the Russian people. Stalin prevailed and Trotsky was overpowered, exiled…

…. It was 1924 when Vladimir Lenin died and left Trotsky alone to lead the Russian people. Joseph Stalin, another high-powered man, knew of Trotsky’s loss and tried to take over as ruler of the Russian people. Stalin prevailed and Trotsky was overpowered, exiled…

…that Russia required. During 1914 the Russian public were most eager to support the Tsar but by the winter of 1916 they were so disgusted with his complete lack of ability they did not wish to save him from abdication. The Russian army was also doing poorly…

…Lenin became chairman of Council of People's Commissars and virtually the dictator. The new governments first acts were to make an armistice with Germany and to abolish private ownership of land, and to divide it up between the peasants. Lenin fulfilled…

…Chinese Vs. Russian Communism The twentieth century became an era of massive change and Revolution in the Old World. It was an age of wars, expansion, and the enactment of new and radical ideas. Two very contrasting countries conducted extreme…