I. Introduction The intracellular processes of animals require that a relatively stable concentration of water be maintained. This task is not an easy one because the cells of animals are surrounded by permeable membranes which allow the passage of water readily. To maintain stable concentrations, animals exchange ions and water between the intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, blood plasma, and environment. Maintaining adequate internal water concentrations is done by a variety of mechanisms which are highly …
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