Two clashing movements existed within Russia in the 19th century. In the rural areas existed a movement that could hardly be called a movement. It was, in fact, more of a planted fixture. The indigenous foundation that had existed for time immemorial kept alive the spirit of the land and the system of a subjugated underclass. Many of the elements that were most representative of this fixture actually existed in the underclass (the pre-emancipation serfs …
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…the day, and Tolstoy quietly remarks that after the transcendental experience Levin had in the fields, "He [Levin] felt much closer to him [the older peasant] than to his brother" (290). Works Cited Cherneshevsky, Nikolai. "The Anthropological Principle in Philosophy" in Edie, Scanlan and Zeldin, eds., Russian Philosophy (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965). Tolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina, trans. Constance Garnett (New York: The Modern Library, 1993). Turgenev, Ivan. Sketches From a Hunter's Album, trans. Richard Freeborn (London: Penguin Books, 1990).