Chapter 36-37 Study Guide 1. Exchange with the environment occurs as dissolved substances diffuse across the plasma membranes between the cells and their aqueous surroundings. For animals with complex internal organization and relatively small surface to area volume ratio, internal surfaces are specialized for exchange with the environment. Folding or branching gives these moist internal membranes expansive surface area. Materials are shuttled between all these exchange surfaces by the circulatory system. 2. Interstitial fluid fills the space …
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…bond. Oligosaccharides are relatively short chains of monosaccharides, which typically are intermediates in the breakdown of polysaccharides to monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most abundant dietary carbohydrate for all except very young animals. Juices from the pancreas and the small intestine, such as salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase, break down carbohydrates. 12. The small intestine absorbs most of the digestive materials, while the large intestine absorbs the remainder of the materials and reabsorbs most of the water.