The Babylonians lived in the area where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers emptied into the Persian gulf. Before the rise of this civilization, this area was dominated by two groups, the Sumerians and Akkadians. Because of this, the pre-babylonian area was normally referred to as Summer-Akkad. Thanks to the area's rich Mineral resources, predominately salt, and many trade routes, this area suffered almost constant attack from outside forces. Eventually the outsiders succeeded. Semitic Amorites from …
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…Feburary 15, 2002. <http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.as.uk/history/histtopics /babyloninan_numerals.html> O'Connor, JJ and E F Robertson. "Babylonian Numerals." December2000. 5. Feburary 15, 2002. <http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Babylonian_mathematics.html > Smith, David. History of Mathematics. New York: Dover Publications, INC., 1951. Struik,Dirk. A Concise History of Mathematics. New York: Dover Publications, INC., 1987. Van Der Waerden, B. Science Awakening. Trans. Arnold Dresden. New York: John Wiley & Sons INC., 1963.